{"id":364,"date":"2020-07-24T14:21:31","date_gmt":"2020-07-24T12:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/?p=364"},"modified":"2021-11-26T08:47:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-26T07:47:00","slug":"when-are-actions-not-recorded","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/2020\/07\/24\/when-are-actions-not-recorded\/","title":{"rendered":"When are actions not recorded?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"twoclick_social_bookmarks_post_364 social_share_privacy clearfix 1.6.4 locale-de_DE sprite-de_DE\"><\/div><div class=\"twoclick-js\"><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\njQuery(document).ready(function($){if($('.twoclick_social_bookmarks_post_364')){$('.twoclick_social_bookmarks_post_364').socialSharePrivacy({\"txt_help\":\"Wenn Sie diese Felder durch einen Klick aktivieren, werden Informationen an Facebook, Twitter, Flattr, Xing, t3n, LinkedIn, Pinterest oder Google eventuell ins Ausland \\u00fcbertragen und unter Umst\\u00e4nden auch dort gespeichert. N\\u00e4heres erfahren Sie durch einen Klick auf das <em>i<\\\/em>.\",\"settings_perma\":\"Dauerhaft aktivieren und Daten\\u00fcber-tragung zustimmen:\",\"info_link\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.heise.de\\\/ct\\\/artikel\\\/2-Klicks-fuer-mehr-Datenschutz-1333879.html\",\"uri\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\\\/zekkblog\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/24\\\/when-are-actions-not-recorded\\\/\",\"post_id\":364,\"post_title_referrer_track\":\"When+are+actions+not+recorded%3F\",\"display_infobox\":\"on\"});}});\n\/* ]]> *\/<\/script><\/div>\n<p><em>\u201c-Is madness contagious, Doctor?&#8230; Do you know that mad people go to paradise\nimmediately, they are <\/em><em>not held\naccountable?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&#8211; It is said that their actions are not recorded\nby the pen.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&#8211; This is what the Imam has said in the mosque,\nShoot! I wanted it to be contagious, hence I can transmit it to all whom I love\nto make them go to heaven!\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>\n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I was reading a book during\nthis crazy time of Corona and this conversation between Aymen Daboussi, a\nwriter and a psychologist, with one of his schizophrenic patients made me read\nbetween the lines. What really attracted me is not only the funny unless\nintelligent way in which this patient is thinking but also the questions that\nhis words stuck in my mind and I tried to find out how religions have dealt\nwith mental disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With this issue Islam tries to\nfind answers to most of the questions that it triggers. Although the\nconsequence of the absence of will in a mental disorder case is clearly expressed\nin a hadith of the Prophet \u201cThe pen does not record (evil actions) against the\nsleeper until he awakes, or against the boy until he reaches puberty, or\nagainst the madman until he recovers his wits\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>,\nMuslim thinkers built their explanation of mental disorders on different trends:\nin the organic\napproach, based on biology and pathophysiology, the psychologist who examines\nthe intrapsychic processes and conflicts, and the magical or sacred which\napprehends insanity through a supernatural and divine scope<a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>.\nThe majority classify mental disorders into different types based on the\nvariety of meanings hidden in the prophet\u00b4s words \u201cuntil he recovers his wits\u201d. Not everyone that\nsuffers from mental disorders is considered as \u201cnot free\u201d. A person who is born\nwith an infantile psychosis is not in the same legal situation as an addict or\na person who is suffering from kleptomania. This classification is used in\nsolving judicial issues and God \u201cdoes not charge a soul except its capacity\u201d (Q2:286). \n\nIslam\u00b4s interpretation of this topic reminds me of\nWestern philosophical debates about free will and mental disorders. Widerker\nand McKenna state that \u201cnot all persons are morally responsible agents (such as\nsmall children, the severely mentally retarded, or those who suffer from\nextreme psychological disorder)\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>.\nWhile in his <em>Freedom of the Will and the Concept\nof a Person<\/em>, Frankfurt H. describes an addict as a person who is not free.\nMore precisely, on Frankfurt\u2019s account, \u201cacting of one\u2019s own free will implies that\none wants the actions and&nbsp;<em>also<\/em>&nbsp;wants to have the will to\nperform the action. An addict who has the will (or first order desire) to use\nheroin but who does not want to have this will is not free when using heroin.<a href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u201d\nIt is obvious that the philosophers agree on the idea that mental disorders\nundermine both the free will and the responsibility of the human being. Yet it\nis relevant that not all mental disorders are considered as an excuse in a\nlegal situation and God \u201cwill not let you be tempted more than you\ncan bear\u201d (1 Corinthians 10:13).\n\n<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Daboussi Aymen,\nAkhbar al-Razi, p16. 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Sunan at-Tirmidhi, 1423<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Georgios. A Tzeferakos and Athanasios.I\nDouzenis, Islam and Mental Health and Law: A General Overview<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Widerker D, McKenna M, editors.&nbsp;Moral responsibility and alternative possibilities: Essays on\nthe importance of alternative possibilities.&nbsp;Aldershot: Ashgate;\n2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Frankfurt H. Freedom of the will and the concept of a person.&nbsp;Journal of Philosophy.&nbsp;1971, 68(1) :5\u201320.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/files\/2020\/07\/wind-rose-1209398_1920-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/files\/2020\/07\/wind-rose-1209398_1920-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/files\/2020\/07\/wind-rose-1209398_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/files\/2020\/07\/wind-rose-1209398_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/files\/2020\/07\/wind-rose-1209398_1920-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/files\/2020\/07\/wind-rose-1209398_1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-blue-color has-text-color\">Nadia Saad ist Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Seminar f\u00fcr Islamische Theologie der Universit\u00e4t Paderborn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c-Is madness contagious, Doctor?&#8230; Do you know that mad people go to paradise immediately, they are not held accountable? &#8211; It is said that their actions are not recorded by the pen. &#8211; This is what the Imam has said &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/2020\/07\/24\/when-are-actions-not-recorded\/\">Weiterlesen <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8844,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allgemein"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8844"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=364"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":828,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364\/revisions\/828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.uni-paderborn.de\/zekkblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}